Commercial Chemicals
PRODUCT NAME
CALCIUM CHLORIDEM*
| Description | Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) powder is single salt used as soluble weighting agent and source of calcium |
| Function | Used to form clear-brine workover and completion fluid with densities ranging from 8.4 to 11.8 lb/ gal. Inhibits hydration and migration of swelling clays. Used in invert emulsion mud to adjust the activity of the water phase. |
PAL CARBS*
| Description | CaCO3 is Acid Soluble weighting or bridging agent |
| Function | Acid-soluble bridging and weighting agent for controlling fluid loss and density in drilling, workover & completion. |
PAL CARB-SS*
| Description | Sized Calcium Carbonate |
| Function | Acid-soluble bridging and weighting agent for controlling fluid loss and density. Available in Fine, Medium & Coarse grades. |
SODIUM HYDROXIDES*
| Description | Sodium hydroxide to control pH |
| Function | Used to maintain or increase pH. Increasing pH with NaOH precipitates magnesium (Mg 2+) and suppresses (Ca2+) in high hardness water, reduces corrosion and neutralizes acid gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. |
GYPSUMS*
| Description | Gypsum (Calcium sulfate (CaSO42H2O)) to treat carbonate contamination in high pH mud |
| Function | Source of Ca ion, used to reduce carbonate ion contamination, without increasing the pH in freshwater and seawater muds. |
PAL LIMES*
| Description | Calcium Hydroxide for Alkalinity control & bicarbonate contamination. Primary invert emulsion mud component |
| Function | Economical source of calcium and alkalinity in water and oil base muds. Flocculating agent in spud mud for improved hole cleaning, removes soluble carbonate ions, controls corrosion and activates fatty acid in oil base mud. |
PAL LIME OS*
| Description | Calcium Oxide |
| Function | Used as a source of alkalinity to elevate pH, buffer aqueous fluids at high pH, flocculate bentonite, precipitate soluble carbonate ions, and saponified fatty acid emulsifiers. |
KClS*
| Description | KCl, Potassium Chloride |
| Function | Used to form clear-brine workover and completion fluid with densities ranging from 8.4 to 9.7 lb/ gal. Inhibits hydration and migration of swelling clays. |
KOHS*
| Description | KOH, Caustic Potash, Potassium Hydroxide |
| Function | Used to maintain or increase pH, inhibitor for swelling shales. Used instead of caustic soda to reduce the sodium ion content and avoid dispersion of clays in inhibitive water-base fluids and drill-in fluids. Increasing pH with KOH precipitates magnesium (Mg 2+) and suppresses (Ca2+) in high hardness water, reduces corrosion and neutralizes acid gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. |
POTASSIUM IODIDE S*
| Description | Is used as a tracer in water base Mud |
| Function | Used as a tracer in water base muds to determine mud filtrate invasion in formation. |
SAPPS*
| Description | Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) is an effective dispersant and protect against cement contamination |
| Function | Efficient dispersant in low-weight fresh water muds used in up hole drilling and effective additive for treating cement contamination and reduce viscosity. |
SODA ASHS*
| Description | Sodium carbonate to treat Ca ion out in makeup water and to remove Calcium Contamination particularly due to Anhydrite |
| Function | Used as a source of carbonate ions to precipitate & remove soluble calcium from water base fluids and makeup waters. Provide effective treatment for Calcium Contamination particularly due to Anhydrite, increases pH and flocculates spud mud. |
PAL MGOM*
| Description | Magnesium Oxide, Anhydrous |
| Function | Used as a pH buffering agent, promotes temperature stability and enhances the rheological and filtration properties of water base drilling fluid at high temperature. |
SALTS*
| Description | NaCl for weight up and Salt Saturated System |
| Function | Used to form clear-brine workover and completion fluid with densities ranging from 8.4 to 10 lb/ gal. Increase shale inhibition by decreasing water activity, reducing formation salt dissolution, reducing freezing point of water base fluids and reducing the potential of forming gas hydrates. |
SODIUM CHROMATES*
| Description | Na2CrO4, sodium salt in which chromium atoms are in the plus-6 valence state |
| Function | Used as corrosion inhibitor. |
SODIUM DICHROMATES*
| Description | Na2Cr2O7, sodium salt in which chromium atoms are in the plus-7 valence state |
| Function | Is used as corrosion inhibitor and to prevent temperature gelation. |
SODIUM NITRATES*
| Description | Long term tracer |
| Function | Used as long term tracer in water base muds to determine mud filtrate invasion in formation. |
PAL BROM ZnM*
| Description | Zinc Bromide Liquid, used for mixing high density, solids free completion brines |
| Function | Used to formulate clear-brine workover and completion fluid which requires density to 19.2 lb/ gal. Inhibits hydration and migration of swelling clays. |
CITRIC ACIDS*
| Description | Citric Acid for Cement Contamination |
| Function | Reduce pH and removes calcium to pretreat or remedy cement contamination, sequesters soluble iron to prevent polymer crosslinking in the drilling fluid system. |
SODIUM BICARBONATES*
| Description | Sodium bicarbonate. To remove calcium |
| Function | Used as a source of bicarbonate ions to precipitate & remove soluble calcium from water base fluids and reduce pH. Provide effective treatment for cement contamination and deflocculates cement contaminated fluids. |